Key Terms:
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London Economic Conference
- A conference that consisted of 60 different nations which was organized to stabilize international currency rates. Franklin Roosevelt didn't participate so the economic crisis worsened.
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Good Neighbor policy
- It stressed that America was to not interfere with Latin America; started by Herbert Hoover but is usually associated with Franklin D. Roosevelt.
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Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
- Allowed the president to negotiate lower tariffs with trade partners, without going though Senate. Proposed by Cordell Hull ho thought that tariff barriers hurt foreign trade.
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Rome-Berlin Axis
- Germany, under Hitler's rule, and Italy allied together under this treaty.
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Johnson Debt Default Act
- Prevented nations that already owed the U.S. money from WWI from borrowing further from the U.S.
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Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, & 1937
- Acts passed to prevent American involvement in a European war and it prevented Americans from selling munitions to foreign belligerents. Passed because America was afraid that Mussolini's conflict at the time would pull the whole world in.
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Abraham Lincoln Brigade
- American volunteers that served in the Spanish Civil War in an effort to protect Spanish republican forces from teh fascist General Francisco Franco's nationalist coup.
Quarantine Speech
- Given by Franklin Roosevelt where he called for "positive endeavors" to "quarantine" land-hungry dictators, mainly through economic embargos.
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Appeasement
- Policy followed by Britain and France in an effort to avoid war, but they allowed Germany to take Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia to avoid even more conflict with Hitler.
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Hitler-Stalin pact
- Treaty between Hitler, leader of Germany, and Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union in which they agreed not to fight each other.
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Neutrality Act of 1939
- It allowed for Europeans to buy American munitions, but only if they were able to pay for it up front and in cash and they had to find a way to transport it themselves. Had a difficult time being passed since most Americans were against Nazis and Hitler.
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Kristallnacht
- The night of when Germans, under Hitlers rule, destroyed Jewish businesses and synagogues and send thousands of Jews to concentration camps.
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War Refugee Board
- Agency created in an effort to rescue Jews from German territories that were under the rule of Hitler and provide relief for those who were in concentration camps.
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Lend-Lease Bill
- Allowed Americans to sell unlimited amounts of supplies to any nation defending itself against Hitler and the Axis Powers.
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Atlantic Charter
- Meeting between Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill where they signed this which outlined the future path towards disarmament, peace, and a system of security.
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Pearl Harbor
- A naval base on Hawaii where Japanese warplanes attacked Americans destroyed ships and causing 3,000 casualties; main reason the U.S. entered WWII. A day "which will live in infamy" according to Roosevelt.