Key Terms:
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Vietnamzation
- Nixon's idea to pull American troops out of Vietnam of an extended period of time which would cause more South Vietnamese would fight their own war.
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Nixon Doctrine
- Nixon's plan for peace with honor in Vietnam. It said that the U.S. would honor an exist defense commitments but from then on countries would have to fight their own war.
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silent majority
- The term used by Nixon's administration to describe the law-abiding middle class Americans that supported the Vietnam War and America's institutions.
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My Lai Massacre
- Military assault in a small Vietnamese village where American soldiers murdered hundreds of unarmed Vietnamese civilians.
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Kent State University
- The massacre of four college students by national guardsmen. In response to Nixon's announcement that he expanded the Vietnam War into Cambodia, violence broke out across the country on college campuses.
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Pentagon Papers
- Secret government reports which detailed early planning and policy decisions regarding the Vietnam War under Kennedy and Johnson.
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detente
- The period of time where the Cold War was dying down and the U.S. and the Soviet Union negotiated reduced armament treaties under Nixon, Ford, and Carter.
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Miranda warning
- A statement of an arrested person's constitutional rights in which a police officer must state when arresting someone.
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Philadelphia Plan
- Created by Nixon which required construction trade unions to hire more black apprentices. It altered the idea of affirmative action.
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- Organization signed into law Nixon which was designed to regulate pollution, emissions, and other factors that negatively influence the natural environment.
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Earth Day
- EPA helped lead to the celebration which raises awareness of global environmental issues. First celebrated on April 22, 1970.
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southern strategy
- Nixon's reelection strategy which was designed appeal to conservative whites in the south. He stressed law and order issues and remained noncommittal on civil rights.
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War Powers Act
- Law that limited the President's ability to wage war without Congressional approval. It required the president to notify congress within 48 hrs. of committing troops to a foreign conflict. It was passed over Nixon's veto.
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Watergate
- Scandals associated with Nixon's administration where they tried to plant electronic "bugs" in the Democratic party's headquarters during the election of 1972. Led to Nixon's resignation.
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"smoking gun" tape
- A recording made in the Oval Office that revealed Nixon knew about the Watergate break-in.
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Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
- Declared full constitutional equality for women. It passed through both houses of congress but Phyllis Schlafly persuaded state legislatures to not ratify it, so it never became part of the Constitution. Was part of the women's rights movement in the 70's along with Roe v. Wade.
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Roe v. Wade
- Landmark decision that banned states from barring abortions by citing a woman's constitutional rights to privacy. Among many cases that were in support of the ERA.
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malaise speech
- Speech given by Jimmy Carter in whic he chided American materialism and urged a communal spirit in the face of economic hardships.
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SALT II
- A treaty between Brezhnev and Carter that put limits on the amounts of arms allowed.
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Iranian hostage crisis
- The 444 days in which American embassy workers were held captive by Iranian revolutionaries. They were released the day of Reagan's inauguration.