Key Terms:
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New Frontier
- Kennedy's domestic policy agenda that included proposals for the Peace Corps and efforts to improve health care and education.
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Peace Corps
- Created by Kennedy to promote voluntary service by Americans to fight overseas. It provided labor power to developing countries to develop many aspects of their society. Part of the New Frontier plan.
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Apollo
- A program supported by Kennedy which was manned space flights run by NASA.
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Berlin Wall
- Located between East and West Berlin which was put there by Khrushchev in an effort to stop the flow of people to the West.
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European Economic Community (EEC)
- A free trade zone in Western Europe and eventually became the European Union.
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Bay of Pigs invasion
- The plan to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro and help aid through air power but it was a failure after Kennedy refused to send the support.
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Cuban missile crisis
- America found out that the Soviet Union was planting missiles on Cuba pointed at the US, in case they tried to attack, but Kennedy shut the whole thing down before it became a nuclear war.
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Freedom Riders
- African Americans who rode interstate buses in the South as a protest against racial segregation. Helped to the joining of the Kennedy administration into the Civil Rights Movement.
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Voter Education Project
- Effort by SNCC to register the South's black population so they could practice their civil rights through voting.
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March on Washington
- A huge civil rights demonstration in support of securing legal protections for American blacks; the march in which MLKJ's famous "I Have A Dream" speech.
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
- Law that prohibited racial discrimination in public facilities and helped boost the federal governments power over fighting against segregation in schools. Passed right after LBJ took office.
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affirmative action
- Program that was designed to redress historic racial and gender imbalances in jobs and education. Came from Kennedy's order that mandated that projects paid for with federal funds couldn't discriminate based on race in their hiring practices.
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Great Society
- LBJ's domestic policy agenda which aimed to extend the postwar prosperity to all people by promoting civil rights and fighting poverty. Also expanded Social Security by creating Medicare and Medicaid.
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Freedom Summer
- A voter registration drive in Mississippi which drew the activism of thousands of black and white civil rights workers. It helped lead to the Mississippi Freedom Democratic party.
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Mississippi Freedom Democratic party
- A political party which had help starting from the Freedom Summer drive, and was denied a seat at the national democratic convention.
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Voting Rights Act of 1965
- Law pushed through Congress by LBJ which banned ballot-denying tactics like literary tests and intimidation. Successor of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
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Black Panther party
- An organization of armed black militants formed to protect black rights and believed in violent means of getting what they wanted in the civil rights movement like Malcolm X.
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Black Power
- Doctrine that rejected MLKJ's pacifism and desire for integration. They promoted pride in African heritage and a militant position in defense of their rights.
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Six-Day War
- Conflict between Israel and its Arab neighbors and Israel won and expanded into the Sinai Penisula.
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Stonewall Rebellion
- An uprising in support of equal rights for gay people sparked for an assault by off-duty police officers at a gay bar. Part of the cultural revolutions in the 60's along with SDS.
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Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
- A political organization that became an iconic representation of the New Left; a big part of the cultural revolution which also included the fight for gay rights through the Stonewall Rebellion.