Key Terms:
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ABC-1 agreement
- Agreement between Britain and the U.S. at a conference with Roosevelt. that said if the U.S. happens to enter WWII, the U.S., Britain and its allies, would coordinate their military planning, with the priority of protecting the British Commonwealth.
Executive Order No. 9066
- Order given by Roosevelt giving the War Department permission to remove Japanese "enemy aliens" to isolated internment camps.
War Production Board (WPB)
- Established in 1942 to direct all war production; it had major control of the economy and was abolished soon after Japan's defeat.
Office of Price Administration (OPA)
- Wartime agency that was created, as the WPB brought economic strains, to regulated the consumer economy through rationing scarce supplies and stoping inflation by setting ceilings on the price of goods.
National War Labor Board (NWLB)
- Established by Roosevelt aimed at mediating disputes between labor and management that might lead to strikes which would stop the production, which is seen as an effort to undermine the war effort.
Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act
- Passed under the Roosevelt administration due to worries that labor strikes would affect war production. It gave the government control to seize and operate plants threatened by labor strikes.
WACs (Women's Army Corps)
- Women's branch of the U.S. Army; created during WWII to employ women in noncombatant jobs. One branch of the other two including WAVES and SPARs.
WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service)
- Women's branch of the U.S. Navy; created during WWII to employ women in noncombatant jobs. One branch of the other two including WACs and SPARs.
SPARs (U.S. Coast Guard Women's Reserve)
- Women's branch of the U.S. Coast Guard; created during WWII to employ women in noncombatant jobs. One branch of the other two including WACs and WAVES.
Bracero program
- Established in an agreement with Mexican government to get temporary Mexican agricultural workers to the U.S. to take over job shortages during wartime in the Far West. Provided man power like WAVES, WACs, and SPARs provided women power.
Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC)
- Roosevelt's administration ordered an executive order banning racial discrimination at any defense plant operating under contract with the federal government; FEPC was created to make sure this was upheld.
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
- Civil Rights organization that was committed to victory over fascism abroad and racism at home. Played a major role in the civil rights movement after WWII and the eventual passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
code talkers
- Native Americans who transmitted radio messages so Americans knew plans and the languages were incomprehensive to the Germans and the Japanese, which gave Americans an advantage over Hitler.
Midway, Battle of
- A naval battle led by Chester W. Nimitz which was fought close to the island of Midway d Japanese advances in the Pacific were stopped for the time being.
D-Day
- A huge military operation led by American forces and resulted in the liberation of France, Allies air control over France and brought on the final stages of the war in Europe.
V-E (Victory in Europe) Day
- May 8, 1945 was greeted with rejoicing of the Allies as it was the day the war ended in Europe and was followed by the surrender of the Germans.
Potsdam conference
- Meeting between Truman, Stalin, and Churchill near Berlin where they issued an ultimatum to Japan which was wither surrender or be destroyed.
Manhattan Project
- A cover name for an American commission created to create the atomic bomb. Following that, two atomic bombs were dropped in Japan in an effort to bring the war to an end because Japan didn't surrender after the ultimatum given at the Potsdam conference.
V-J (Victory in Japan) Day
- After the second atomic bomb was dropped from the Manhattan Project, Japan knew they wouldn't last much longer so on August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered, which marked the end of WWII.