Key Terms:
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The Feminine Mystique
- Book by Betty Friedan which challenged women to move out of housewifery and launch the second wave feminism.
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rock 'n' roll
- A musical style that became popular in the 50s that had a driving rhythm and a heavy beat. On set by Elvis Presley.
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Checkers Speech
- A televised address given by Richard Nixon and he used television, just before the campaign, to save himself on the ticket by defending himself against the accusations of corruption.
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McCarthyism
- Associated with Joseph McCarthy as he accused government officials and other Americans of being a communist.
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Army-McCarthy hearings
- Hearings called by McCarthy to accuse members of the army of being communists; these televised hearings exposed his extremism and led to his disgrace.
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Jim Crow
- A systematic state-level legal code of segregation and they enacted literacy requirements, voter-registration laws, and poll taxes to ensure full disfranchisement of the former slaves. This was validated in the Plessy v. Ferguson.
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Montgomery bus boycott
- Protest that was started by Rosa Parks that was a fight against segregated seating on city buses. Lasted for 26 days and gave rise to Martin Luther King Jr.
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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
- Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and abolished racial segregation in public schools. Brown argued that his black daughter should be able to go to the white school that they lived by instead of having to take the bus all the way across town to a black school.
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Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
- Founded by southern black students to promote civil rights; it coordinated sit-ins, and voter registration drives. Helped towards the eventual passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
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Operation Wetback
- Governemnt program that set out to find and deport as many as 1 million illegal Mexican migrant workers. Promoted in part of the Mexican governments worry that the immigration would undercut the bracero program.
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Federal Highway Act of 1956
- Signed by Eisenhower to construct thousands of miles of modern highways in an effort of national defense.
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policy of boldness
- Foreign policy objective of John Dulles, who thought that changing the containment strategy to one that directly involved the Soviet Union and attempted to cut back communist influence all over the world.
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Hungarian uprising
- Multiple demonstrations against the Soviet Union in Hungary; Soviet Premier, Khrushchev, violently stopped the uprisings.
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Dien Bien Phu, Battle of
- Military engagement in French colonial Vietnam where French forces were defeated by Viet Minh nationalistic that were loyal to Ho Chi Minh.
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Suez Crisis
- International crisis started by Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser who nationalized the Suez Canal. Led to a British and french attack on Egypt but it failed since they didn't have support from the U.S.
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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
- Middle Eastern states and Venezuela who aimed to control access to prices of oil.
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Sputnik
- A Soviet satellite that was launched into space and started the Space Race. It also leo a critical comparison of the American educational system with that of the Soviet Union. Apollo would later be launched under John F. Kennedy's presidency.
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kitchen debate
- Televised debated between Khrushchev and Nixon in Moscow where they fought between capitalist consumer culture and Soviet state planning.
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abstract expressionism
- Experimental art style which was exemplified by Jackson Pollock's action paintings which was were created by flinging paint on canvas.
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International Style
- A post WWII architectural style which was best known for the skyscrapers created made out of steel and glass. Part of the cultural Renaissance with abstract expressionism.
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Beat Generation
- Mid-twentieth-century bohemian writers and personalities including Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, and William S. Burroughs.
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Southern Renaissance
- Literary outpouring among southern writers started by William Faulkner and marked by the writings of the region's burdens of story, racism, and conservatism. There were also writings of these types of things by white writers like Ralph Ellison.